Antibiotic Resistance: Why the Wrong Use of Medicine Is a Global Threat
Antibiotics only work on bacteria, not on colds or flu. Misusing them creates stronger germs. Here is how it happens and what you can do.
Antibiotics were one of the greatest discoveries in medicine. Infections that once killed people, such as pneumonia and wound infections, became treatable. But today many of these medicines are losing their power, and the reason is how we use them.
What antibiotic resistance means
Bacteria can change over time. When they are exposed to an antibiotic, the weakest die first, but a few may survive because they carry a trait that protects them. These survivors multiply and pass on the trait. Over time the antibiotic stops working against that type of bacteria. This is called antimicrobial resistance, or AMR.
How big is the problem?
The World Health Organization lists antimicrobial resistance as one of the top global public health threats. It reports that bacterial resistance was associated with more than 4.7 million deaths around the world in 2021.
What speeds it up
- Using antibiotics for viral illnesses. Colds, flu, most coughs, and most sore throats are caused by viruses. Antibiotics do nothing against viruses.
- Taking them without a prescription, or buying them over the counter for "just in case".
- Not following the prescription. Taking too few doses, or keeping leftovers for later.
- Overuse in farming, where antibiotics are sometimes used to promote animal growth.
- Poor hygiene and sanitation, which spread resistant germs between people.
What you can do
Do not ask for antibiotics
If your doctor says your illness is viral, accept that rest, fluids, and time are the treatment.
Take them only when prescribed
Never use antibiotics left over from a previous illness or share them with others.
Follow the instructions exactly
Take the right dose at the right times. Finish the course unless your doctor tells you to stop. Ask your doctor if you are unsure.
Prevent infections
Wash your hands, keep vaccinations up to date, and handle food safely.
Spread the word
Many people in your family and friends do not know that colds need no antibiotics.
What most people miss
- Antibiotics can cause harm too. They can upset the stomach, cause allergic reactions, and kill helpful gut bacteria.
- Fewer new antibiotics are coming. Developing them is expensive, so we must protect the ones we have.
